On deoxidation and modification of carbon steel

Alumina Inclusion Behavior during Steel Deoxidation

A computational model based on classic homogenous nucleation theory, thermodynamic analysis and numerical simulation, has been developed to study steel deoxidation by aluminum in a low carbon aluminum-killed steel ladle, which calculates the nucleation and time evolution of the alumina inclusion size distribution due to Ostwald ripening, Brownian collision and turbulent collision. Starting with...

Nucleation and Growth of Alumina Inclusions during Steel Deoxidation

Inclusion Nucleation, Growth, and Mixing during Steel Deoxidation

A computational model based on classic homogenous nucleation theory, thermodynamic analysis and numerical simulation, has been developed to study steel deoxidation by aluminum in a low carbon aluminum-killed steel ladle. The model calculates the nucleation and time evolution of the alumina inclusion size distribution due to Ostwald ripening, Brownian collision and turbulent collision. Starting ...

Copper Deoxidation Kinetics Utilizing Carbon Monoxide

Gaseous deoxidat ion of l iquid copper with carbon monoxide as the r educ ing gas has been examined . The r educ ing gas was in t roduced at a s u b m e r g e d or i f ice so that well c h a r a c te r ized , s ingle bubbles were formed. The deoxidat ion k ine t ics a r e d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y by the m a s s t r a n s p o r t of oxygen in l iquid copper. No effect of su l fur ov...

fabrication of new ion sensitive field effect transistors (isfet) based on modification of junction-fet for analysis of hydronium, potassium and hydrazinium ions

a novel and ultra low cost isfet electrode and measurement system was designed for isfet application and detection of hydronium, hydrazinium and potassium ions. also, a measuring setup containing appropriate circuits, suitable analyzer (advantech board), de noise reduction elements, cooling system and pc was used for controlling the isfet electrode and various characteristic measurements. the t...